{"id":19054,"date":"2014-11-19T08:05:34","date_gmt":"2014-11-19T10:05:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.magicwebdesign.com.br\/blog\/?p=19054"},"modified":"2024-08-01T15:22:38","modified_gmt":"2024-08-01T18:22:38","slug":"por-que-o-led-azul-ganhou-o-nobel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.redemagic.com\/blog\/tecnologia\/por-que-o-led-azul-ganhou-o-nobel\/","title":{"rendered":"Por que o LED azul ganhou o Nobel?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Tr\u00eas japoneses dividiram este ano o pr\u00eamio Nobel de F\u00edsica<\/strong> por desenvolverem o <strong>LED de cor azul<\/strong>, que permite a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de fontes de luz branca brilhantes e eficientes. <strong>Isamu Akasaki<\/strong>, 85, e <strong>Hiroshi Amano<\/strong>, 54, da Universidade de Nagoya, no Jap\u00e3o, e <strong>Shuji Nakamura<\/strong>, 60, da Universidade da Calif\u00f3rnia, nos Estados Unidos, ir\u00e3o dividir o pr\u00eamio de 8 milh\u00f5es de coroas suecas.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mas, por que o desenvolvimento de uma cor de LED deveria ser agraciado com tamanha honra?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><!--more--><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Desafio da descoberta<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">O LED \u00e9 feito de camadas de material semicondutor nas quais se aplica uma corrente el\u00e9trica, a cor da luz depender\u00e1 da composi\u00e7\u00e3o qu\u00edmica. As <strong>cores verde e vermelho j\u00e1 existiam desde os anos 1960<\/strong>, mas nenhum cientista havia conseguido desenvolver a cor azul at\u00e9 a d\u00e9cada de 90.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>O desafio era combinar os elementos na composi\u00e7\u00e3o correta<\/strong>, na maioria das vezes sem a precis\u00e3o dos computadores, pois estes n\u00e3o tinham tecnologia suficiente para simular a aplica\u00e7\u00e3o de todas as subst\u00e2ncias estudadas. V\u00e1rios cientistas tentaram encontrar a propor\u00e7\u00e3o correta de g\u00e1lio (GaN), \u00edndio (In) e alum\u00ednio (Al), e assim <strong>gerar o nitreto de g\u00e1lio<\/strong>, mas v\u00e1rios desistiram no meio do caminho.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A persist\u00eancia de Akasaki, Hiroshi e Nagoya fez com que os cientistas descobrissem um m\u00e9todo para transformar o nitreto, que \u00e9 um g\u00e1s, em um cristal, e assim utiliz\u00e1-lo. <strong>Nas d\u00e9cadas de 80 e 90 os vencedores do Nobel publicaram uma s\u00e9rie de trabalhos que aperfei\u00e7oaram os processos at\u00e9 a obten\u00e7\u00e3o do LED azul suficientemente funcional<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aplica\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ao conseguir criar a luz azul, foi poss\u00edvel desenvolver uma fonte de ilumina\u00e7\u00e3o extremamente econ\u00f4mica e dur\u00e1vel. <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/veja.abril.com.br\/noticia\/ciencia\/e-inacreditavel-diz-ganhador-do-nobel-de-fisica\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Em entrevista \u00e0 Veja<\/a>, Euclydes Marega J\u00fanior<\/strong>, professor do Instituto de F\u00edsica de S\u00e3o Carlos, da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), explica que o grande m\u00e9rito foi a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de um produto de baixo consumo energ\u00e9tico e eficaz: <strong>\u201cA maior import\u00e2ncia da pesquisa desses cientistas \u00e9 que, com o LED azul, foi poss\u00edvel criar uma luz econ\u00f4mica, de alta durabilidade e que n\u00e3o agride o <a href=\"https:\/\/www.redemagic.com\/blog\/internet\/greenpeace-apple\/\">ambiente<\/a>\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>A vida \u00fatil de um LED pode chegar a 100 mil horas<\/strong>, enquanto que a de uma l\u00e2mpada fluorescente \u00e9 de 5 mil horas, e a de um bulbo incandescente \u00e9 de apenas 500 horas. Al\u00e9m disso, o <strong>consumo energ\u00e9tico \u00e9 aproximadamente 30% menor do que o de uma l\u00e2mpada fluorescente<\/strong>, e ao contr\u00e1rio dos outros tipos de ilumina\u00e7\u00e3o, o LED aproveita quase 100% da energia consumida, j\u00e1 que n\u00e3o gera calor nem dispersa energia de qualquer outra forma.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/business\/capitalbusiness\/commentary-heres-three-reasons-why-led-lights-matter\/2014\/10\/24\/3c26c072-589f-11e4-8264-deed989ae9a2_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">De acordo com o colunista do Washington Post, Aaron Tinjum<\/a>,<\/strong> esta efici\u00eancia energ\u00e9tica <strong>permitir\u00e1 levar luz para 1,5 bilh\u00e3o de pessoas ao redor do mundo<\/strong> que atualmente vivem sem acesso \u00e0 rede de energia. Isso s\u00f3 ser\u00e1 poss\u00edvel porque o LED tem uma demanda energ\u00e9tica pequena, que poder\u00e1 ser suprida atrav\u00e9s da <strong>instala\u00e7\u00e3o de pain\u00e9is solares de baixo custo<\/strong>. Para Aaron, o pr\u00f3ximo s\u00e9culo ser\u00e1 iluminado por esta <a href=\"https:\/\/www.redemagic.com\/blog\/tecnologia\/\"><strong>tecnologia<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Outro diferencial \u00e9 a efici\u00eancia da ilumina\u00e7\u00e3o. <strong>Para cada 1 watt, o LED consegue produzir 300 lumens, enquanto as fluorescentes produzem apenas 70<\/strong>. Isso significa que para iluminar a sala da sua casa, voc\u00ea precisaria investir em uma l\u00e2mpada cl\u00e1ssica de 75 watts, ou uma de 6 watts de LED.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>A alta efici\u00eancia, combinada ao baixo gasto de eletricidade, pode transformar o consumo de energia no mundo<\/strong>. Ainda de acordo com Aaron, em 2013 as vendas de LED dispararam no Jap\u00e3o, e hoje s\u00e3o respons\u00e1veis por 30% de todas as l\u00e2mpadas no pa\u00eds. A substitui\u00e7\u00e3o aliada a outras iniciativas fez com que o gasto energ\u00e9tico ca\u00edsse quase 50% em tr\u00eas anos.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">J\u00e1 a \u00cdndia est\u00e1 se preparando para um grande teste nacional com a l\u00e2mpada, e pretende economizar mais de 50 terawatts\/hora e reduzir os gastos do pa\u00eds em cerca de US$ 4 bilh\u00f5es por ano.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u201cSer\u00e1 dif\u00edcil encontrar uma luz melhor que essa\u201d<\/strong>, afirmou o f\u00edsico <strong>Per Delsing<\/strong>, da Universidade de Tecnologia Chambers e respons\u00e1vel pelo comit\u00ea de f\u00edsica do Nobel.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Leia tamb\u00e9m: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.redemagic.com\/blog\/tecnologia\/ubeam-um-sistema-eficiente-de-recarga-sem-fio\/\">uBeam, um sistema eficiente de recarga sem fio<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; width: 655px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">A <strong>Magic Web Design<\/strong> desenvolve, desde 1996, solu\u00e7\u00f5es completas para empresas de todo o Brasil nas \u00e1reas de internet e multim\u00eddia, com web sites, gerenciamento de m\u00eddias sociais, sistemas on-line, lojas virtuais (e-commerce), apresenta\u00e7\u00f5es multim\u00eddia e diversos outros servi\u00e7os.<br \/>\n<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.redemagic.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.redemagic.com\/<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Tr\u00eas japoneses dividiram este ano o pr\u00eamio Nobel de F\u00edsica<\/strong> por desenvolverem o <strong>LED de cor azul<\/strong>, que permite a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de fontes de luz branca brilhantes e eficientes. <strong>Isamu Akasaki<\/strong>, 85, e <strong>Hiroshi Amano<\/strong>, 54, da Universidade de Nagoya, no Jap\u00e3o, e <strong>Shuji Nakamura<\/strong>, 60, da Universidade da Calif\u00f3rnia, nos Estados Unidos, ir\u00e3o dividir o pr\u00eamio de 8 milh\u00f5es de coroas suecas.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mas, por que o desenvolvimento de uma cor de LED deveria ser agraciado com tamanha honra?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19059,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[628,317,362],"class_list":["post-19054","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tecnologia","tag-desenvolvimento","tag-mobile","tag-smartphones"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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